Which symptom differentiates Major Depressive Disorder from Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood?

The severity of symptoms is a key factor in differentiating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) from Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood. Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by a more intense and pervasive depressive episode that lasts for at least two weeks and meets specific diagnostic criteria found in the DSM-5, including significant impairment in functioning, persistent low mood, and other cognitive and physical symptoms.

In contrast, Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood typically arises within three months of a significant emotional or behavioral stressor and is characterized by less severe symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. The symptoms in Adjustment Disorder may cause marked distress but are often less debilitating than those seen in MDD, allowing individuals to maintain a degree of functioning.

This distinction in severity is crucial, as it impacts the approach to treatment and understanding of the individual's mental health needs. While the other options, such as onset, type of effective treatment, and age of the individual, may provide context in certain cases, it is primarily the difference in the severity of symptoms that serves as a definitive criterion in distinguishing between these two diagnoses.