Rosh Psychiatry Board Practice Exam

Which characteristic is essential for establishing a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder?

1. Degree of intellectual disability

2. History of insufficient caregiving

3. Narrow range of interests

4. Short palpebral fissure length

The correct answer is: Narrow range of interests

To diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the presence of restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities is essential. This includes having a narrow range of interests that can manifest as an intense focus on specific topics or activities, which is a hallmark characteristic of ASD. This narrow range of interests can significantly affect the individual's ability to engage with the world around them and form social connections. The degree of intellectual disability is not a defining factor for autism, as individuals with ASD can have a range of intellectual capacities, from intellectual disability to average or above-average intelligence. Similarly, a history of insufficient caregiving may relate to developmental issues but does not specifically help in diagnosing autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, while physical characteristics such as short palpebral fissure length may be associated with certain syndromes, they are not criteria for diagnosing ASD itself. Instead, the focus is on behavior and social communication deficits, making the narrow range of interests a central characteristic in establishing this diagnosis.